Which method can help increase self-efficacy?

Vicarious experiences can significantly enhance self-efficacy by allowing individuals to observe others successfully performing tasks or overcoming challenges. This observation serves as a powerful motivator and can instill a belief in one's own capabilities. When individuals see someone similar to themselves succeed, it reinforces the notion that they too can achieve similar results, thereby boosting their confidence in taking on similar challenges.

In contrast, setting unrealistic goals often leads to feelings of inadequacy or failure when those goals aren't met, which can diminish self-efficacy. Avoiding challenges prevents individuals from engaging in activities that could help build their skills and confidence, thereby hindering opportunities for growth. Meanwhile, negative feedback can be demotivating and can undermine self-belief, negating any potential for improved self-efficacy. Thus, vicarious experiences stand out as an effective method for enhancing self-efficacy by providing a sense of hope and possibility.