What is a common error associated with underwater weighing?

Underwater weighing, also known as hydrostatic weighing, is a method frequently used to estimate body composition, particularly body fat percentage. The technique relies on Archimedes’ principle, which states that the weight of the water displaced by an object is equal to the weight of the object. However, the accuracy of this method can be affected by various factors, one of which is the variability of air in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

This variability can lead to inaccuracies in estimating body density. If an individual has significant amounts of gas or air in their GI tract, it can alter the buoyancy during underwater weighing, resulting in an incorrect calculation of body density and, consequently, body fat percentage. Since air occupies space and contributes to buoyancy, differences in the volume of air can lead to significant changes in the measurements obtained.

On the other hand, accurately measuring a participant's weight, the issues of residual volume measurement, and fat overestimation relate to different factors not directly linked to the variability of air in the GI tract, making them less relevant compared to the impact of GI tract air on the measurements taken in underwater weighing. Therefore, recognizing the variability of air in the GI tract as a common error helps to understand the limitations of this body composition