What components make up metabolic syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that together increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. The correct choice lists the key components of this syndrome: central obesity, elevated triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and insulin resistance.

Central obesity refers to an increase in visceral fat, which is fat accumulated around the abdomen. This type of fat is particularly associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Elevated triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood, and high levels are a risk factor for heart disease. Low HDL cholesterol, also known as "good" cholesterol, is vital for removing other types of cholesterol from the bloodstream—the lower the HDL, the higher the risk for cardiovascular issues. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, contributes to cardiovascular risk as well. Lastly, insulin resistance indicates the body's decreased ability to respond to insulin, which is linked to higher blood sugar levels and, over time, can lead to type 2 diabetes.

Together, these components characterize the metabolic syndrome and emphasize the interconnected nature of these risk factors in promoting adverse health outcomes. Understanding this cluster of symptoms is essential for clinical exercise physiologists in developing appropriate interventions for individuals affected by metabolic syndrome.